Some knowledges of Tribals of West Bengal

Most of the people hardly known about all the different types of tribals in West Bengal itself. General people perhaps does not know that these tribals are original people of our country, our state. Before Araya came to our country these tribals were the people of the stae even our country. We request to the civil society to think about them. We can not work properly only due to a group of lethergical, drunken, selfish illiterate administrative government officers/workers, group of local non tribal people who does not want any imporvement of tribals life and their areas. Before British period, local kings and upper cast people exploited them, ruiened them. In the British period, both Britsh and Jaminders did the same with them. But some how they were little bit indipendet. After 15 August, 1947 India independent but tribals lost more indepency than the below poverty level people. We are not against our country, state. Not against our Government but can we deny the facts? We need cooperations and variuos helps from the Governbent irrespective of Central or State. The fact is when police or government officers are doing their duty in drunken position then everything is fine but when these tribals are getting drunken then they are harrashed more even sometime they locked up in the police station. Constitution of India, Tribal Rights, Human Rights are only in the papers or in books shape, these are applicable for some particular groups of people of the society in Purulia.



Tribals of West Bengal


Article 366 (25) of the Constitution of India refers to Scheduled Tribes as those communities, who are scheduled in accordance with Article 342 of the Constitution. This Article says that only those communities who have been declared as such by the President through an initial public notification or through a subsequent amending Act of Parliament will be considered to be Scheduled Tribes. Accordingly, as per the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950, as amended up-to-date, 40 Ethnic groups has so far been notified as Scheduled Tribes in West Bengal (Detailed list is placed in ANNEXURE-F). Among these Tribes, Toto, Birhor and Lodha have been notified as PvTGs (Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups) in terms of backwardness in different development indicators. Earlier they were termed as PTGs (Primitive Tribal Groups).TOTOs and BIRHORs are predominantly residing in Jalpaiguri & Purulia Districts respectively whereas the LODHAs are mostly found in the Paschim Medinipur District.



In West Bengal, Tribal population is 52,96,963 as per Census 2011, which is about 5.8% of the total population of the State. Tribal population of West Bengal constitutes about 5.08% of total Tribal population of the Country. Tribal communities are present in all the Districts of the State. Higher concentration of Tribal population is seen in the Districts like Darjeeling, Jalpaiguri, Alipurduar, Dakshin Dinajpur, Paschim Medinipur, Bankura and Purulia.



Important Indicators : Regarding the conditions of the Scheduled Tribes of West Bengal vis-a-vis Scheduled Tribes of India, some of the important indicators are shown below :

Sl.

Indicator

ST (WB)

ST (India)

1

Decadal growth rate of population

20.20

23.66

2

Sex Ratio

999

990

3

Literacy Rate

57.90

59.00

4

Infant Mortality R :e

 

95.7

5

Percentage of household having latrine facility within premises

24.40

22.60

6

Percentage of household having drinking water source within the premises

18.6

19.7

7

Percentage of household having access to treated tap water/ hand pump as drinking water source

56.67

53.82

8

Incidence and rate of crime committed against Scheduled Tribes

(a) % age contribution of WB - 0.7%

(b) Rank of WB (Rate of cognizable crime)-19


Lists of ST Recognized in West Bengal

1.

ASUR

21.

KORWA

2.

BAIGA

22.

LEPCHA

3.

BEDIA, BEDIYA

23.

LODHA, KHERIA, KHARIA

4.

BHUMIJ

24.

LOHARA, LOHRA

5.

BHUTIA, SHERPA, TOTO, DUKPA, KAGATAY, TIBETAN, YOLMO

25.

MAGH

6.

BIRHOR

26.

MAHALI

7.

BIRJIA

27.

MAHLI

8.

CHAKMA

28.

MAL PAHARIYA

9.

CHERO

29.

MECH

10.

CHIK BARAIK

30.

MRU

11.

GARO

31.

MUNDA

12.

GOND

32.

NAGESIA

13.

GORAIT

33.

ORAON

14.

HAJANG

34.

PAHARIYA

15.

HO

35.

RABHA

16.

KARMALI

36.

SANTAL

17.

KHARWAR

37.

SAURIA PAHARIA

18.

KHOND

38.

SAVAR

19.

KISAN

39.

LIMBU

20.

KORA

40.

TAMANG

ST Population - Rank: West Bengal: Census 2011

District

Population

ST Population

Percentage of ST

Bankura

3596674

368690

10.25

Barddhaman

7717563

489447

6.34

Birbhum

3502404

242484

6.92

Cooch Behar

2819086

18125

0.64

Dakshin Dinajpur

1676276

275366

16.43

Darjiling Hill Area

-

165534

-

Hooghly

5519145

229243

4.15

Howrah

4850029

15094

0.31

Jalpaiguri

3872846

731704

18.89

Kolkata

4496694

10684

0.24

Maldah

3988845

313984

7.87

Murshidabad

7103807

91035

1.28

Nadia

5167600

140700

2.72

North 24 Parganas

10009781

264597

2.64

Paschim Medinipur

5913457

880015

14.88

Purba Medinipur

5095875

27952

0.55

Purulia

2930115

540652

18.45

Siliguri

-

231855

-

South 24 Parganas

8161961

96976

1.19

Uttar Dinajpur

3007134

162816

5.41

WEST BENGAL

91276115

5296953

5.8


Scheduled Tribes (also known as "tribals" or "adibasi/adivasi") are specific indigenous peoples whose status is acknowledged to some formal degree by national legislation. Scheduled tribes of the Indian state of West Bengal, as recognized by the Constitution of the Indian Republic; a total of 40 distinct tribes. Among those 40 tribes 3 tribes are "Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups" (PTGs).
 

Overview

As per 2001 census scheduled tribes numbering 4,406,794 persons constituted 5.5 per cent of the total population of the state. Santals constitute more than half (51.8 per cent) of the total ST population of the state. Oraons (14 per cent), Mundas (7.8 per cent), Bhumij (7.6 per cent) and Kora (3.2 per cent) are the other major STs having sizeable population. Along with Santal, they constitute nearly 85 per cent of the state's total ST population. The Lodhas, Mahalis , Bhutias, Bedias, and Savars are the remaining STs, and having population of one per cent or more as per 2001 census report.


District wise Scheduled Tribes demographic map ofcheduled Tribes demographic map of West Bengal .

More than half of the total ST population of the state is concentrated in Medinipur, Jalpaiguri, Purulia, and Bardhaman districts. Of the remaining districts, Bankura, Malda, Uttar Dinajpur, and Dakshin have sizable ST population.

List of tribes

As per the Constitution (Scheduled Tribes) Order, 1950, the following were listed as scheduled tribes in West Bengal.

  1. Asur
  2. Baiga
  3. Badia, Bediya
  4. Bhumij
  5. Bhutia,  Sherpa, Toto, Dukpa,  Kagatay, Tibetan, Yolmo
  6. Birhor
  7. Birjia
  8. Chakma
  9. Chero
  10. Chik Baraik
  11. Garo
  12. Gond
  13. Gorait
  14. Hajang
  15. Ho
  16. Karmali
  17. Kharwar
  18. Khond
  19. Kisan
  20. Kora
  21. Korwa
  22. Lepcha
  23. Limbu(Subba)
  24. Lodha, Kheria, Kharia
  25. Lohara, Lohra
  26. Magh
  27. Mahali
  28. Mahli
  29. Mal Pahariya
  30. Mech
  31. Mru
  32. Munda
  33. Nagesia
  34. Oraon
  35. Parhaiya
  36. Rabha
  37. Santal
  38. Sauria paharia
  39. Subba/Limbu
  40. Tamang

Demographics

Scheduled Tribe Historical Population Demographics based on latest census
Latest Population (2011) Sex ratio Literacy (%) Main worker Marginal worker
1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 Total Male Female
Asur 611 4286 3864 4050 4864 1024 45.1 55.2 35 73 27
Baiga 4 1606 7624 11681 13423 984 61.4 72.8 50 51.9 48.1
Bedia, Bediya 1191 3339 29396 44875 55979 88772 973 63.5 72.5 54.2 61.2 38.8
Bhumij 91289 169426 233906 291808 336436 376296 980 59.5 70.7 48.1 49.8 50.2
Bhutia, Sherpa, Toto, Ukpa, Kagatay, Tibetan, Yolmo 23595 33912 40192 48196 60091 66627 1002 81.1 86.7 75.5 73.7 26.3
Birhor 100 658 855 1017 2241 906 58.2 69.3 46.1 63.9 36.1
Birjia 16 913 1238 1654 1123 960 48.4 60 36.2 64.3 35.7
Chakma 1379 2927 141 320 642 466 966 76.8 83.8 69.5 84.4 15.6
Chero 559 175 1648 2283 1968 5477 1034 62.7 73.2 52.5 75.6 24.4
Chik Baraik 1627 12624 16030 17824 21376 1014 62.6 74 51.2 72.4 27.6
Garo 2535 2627 3206 3673 1915 2039 1045 77.8 81.8 73.9 64.5 35.5
Gond 735 46 4923 5966 9826 13535 900 74.8 82.9 65.9 77.8 22.2
Gorait 425 481 2191 3024 1436 2498 990 32 41.2 22.6 51.2 48.8
Hajang 426 244 1081 1527 597 621 882 74.4 85.3 61.9 82.8 17.2
Ho 1075 1036 3202 11640 15540 23483 992 54.3 65.2 43.2 57.4 42.6
Karmali 1023 94 1418 7101 1317 2466 974 67.9 79.6 55.9 63.8 36.2
Kharwar 1142 134 11726 20514 17625 20270 942 64.5 73.8 54.7 65.2 34.8
Khond 41 639 829 226 660 953 59.I 67.2 50.7 85.3 14.7
Kisan 3 716 5370 5827 4788 98434 934 53.4 62.4 43.9 58.8 41.2
Kora 62029 93586 96835 113564 142789 159404 1000 56.5 68 45.1 54.8 45.2
Korwa 2891 3222 2493 4948 5371 2912 1012 53.9 62.8 45.3 74.3 25.7
Lepcha 15309 14568 23408 27888 32377 33962 981 82.4 86.8 77.9 59.5 40.5
Lodha, Kharia, Kharia 40898 45906 53718 68095 84966 108707 988 45.5 54.6 36.2 55.2 44.8
Lohara, Lohra 3031 2388 23799 29750 20683 24783 997 55.3 65.4 45.2 68.5 31.5
Magh 790 3257 1020 4332 8214 8032 989 88.3 91.6 85.1 87.8 12.2
Mahali 28233 47247 50288 69542 76102 81594 1003 55 66.3 43.6 63.5 36.5
Mahli 5075 998 10827 19075 1831 2609 963 50.7 59.8 41.3 53.9 46.1
Mal Pahariya 15706 31018 17020 34302 37440 44538 992 42.8 49 36.5 74.1 25.9
Mech 13915 10862 26959 29904 35996 41242 978 74.2 80.8 67.6 67.5 32.5
Mru 1477 836 1231 1546 271 197 1074 61.7 70.2 53 62.5 37.5
Munda 160245 198701 230016 289091 341542 366386 990 57.7 67.1 48.3 62.8 37.2
Nagesia 4875 2516 42521 10069 8373 16378 987 61.8 70.1 53.5 72.8 27.2
Oraon 297394 291173 437574 536919 617138 643510 993 59 68.1 49.9 69.2 30.8
Parhaiya 487 108 3745 7889 688 921 1042 38.2 42.3 34.1 70.2 29.8
Rabha 6053 2466 11256 15204 15014 27820 952 61.3 68.4 53.8 65.7 34.3
Santal 1200091 1376980 1666610 1997222 2280540 2512331 1012 54.7 66.1 43.5 53.5 46.5
Sauria Paharia 28 158 4253 4590 2332 3480 1029 44 49.2 38.9 78.1 21.9
Savar 2181 4986 37247 46216 43599 40374 1012 40.6 49.9 31.5 45.6 54.4
Limbu (Subba) 46847 1011 81.2 87.8 74.7 64.6 35.4
Tamang 146203 1014 80.4 87.7 73.3 72.5 27.5
Total Scheduled Tribe 2,054,081 2,532,969 3,070,668 3,808,760 4,406,794 5,296,953 999 57.9 68.2 47.7 57.9 42.1

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